| SERBIAN LANGUAGE
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SOME FACTS
The Serbian language is one of the standard
versions of the Central-South Slavic diasystem,
formerly (and still frequently) called Serbo-Croatian.
Serbian is used primarily in Serbia and
Montenegro, Republika Srpska and by Serbs
everywhere.
It is based on the Stokavian dialect, has
Western and Eastern spoken variants, and
uses both the Cyrillic and Latin alphabets.
Differences from other versions include
phonetic transcription of foreign names.
Serbian literature emerged in the Middle
Ages, and included such works as Miroslavljevo
jevandjelje (The Gospel of Miroslav) in
1192 and Dusanov zakonik (Dusan's Code)
in 1349. Little secular medieval literature
has been preserved, but what there is shows
that it was in accord with its time; for
example, Serbian Alexandride, a book about
Alexander the Great, and a translation of
Tristan and Isolde into Serbian.
In the mid 15th century, Serbia was conquered
by the Ottoman Empire, and for the next
400 years there was no opportunity for the
creation of secular written literature.
However, some of the greatest literary works
in Serbian come from this time, in the form
of oral literature, the most notable form
being Serbian epic poetry. It is known that
Goethe learned the Serbian language in order
to read Serbian epic poetry in the original.
Written literature was produced only for
religious use in churches and monasteries,
and held to Old Church Slavonic. By the
end of the 18th century, the written literature
had become estranged from the spoken language.
In the early 19th century, Vuk Stefanovic
Karadzic, following the work of Sava Mrkalj,
reformed the Cyrillic alphabet by introducing
the phonetic principle, as well as promoting
the spoken language of the people as a literary
norm.
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