| UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE
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SOME FACTS
Ukrainian is an East Slavic language, one
of three members of this language group,
the other two being Russian and Belarusian.
Written Ukrainian bears resemblances to
these two languages, but with several notable
differences. Historically, Belarusian and
Ukrainian diverged from Old or Middle Ruthenian
language. Spoken literary Ukrainian, however
finds a closer similarity for native speakers
with Slovak. Spoken Ukrainian also exhibits
marked similarities to Polish vocabulary,
which some attribute, in part, to an influence
of Polish upon Ruthenian and Ukrainian.
History
Scholarship on the early history of the
Ukrainian language was hampered by the lack
of Ukrainian independence. Thus, much of
the early scholarship of the language was
viewed through the lens of foreign neighboring
conceptions. The existence of a separate
Ukrainian language was not generally accepted
even 100 years ago. For instance, the 1911
Encyclop?dia Britannica called it the Little
Russian dialect of the Russian language.
Soviet historiography manifested an ideology
of three brotherly East Slavic nations.
Russian scholars tend to admit a difference
between Ukrainian and Russian only at later
time periods (fourteenth through 16th centuries).
Some Ukrainian scholars see a divergence
between the language of Halych-Volynia and
the language of Novgorod-Suzdal by the 1100s.
Some European and American linguists concur.
During the time of the incorporation of
Ruthenia (Ukraine and Belarus) into the
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Ukrainian
(Rus'ian or Ruthenian or Little Russian
or Little Rusian or Malorusian) and Belarusian
diverged into identifiably separate languages.
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